Karina Gunawan

The Effects of the Physical Environment on Behavior in Jakarta and Singapore

Started Apr. 18, 2024

Abstract or project description

Although both located in Southeast Asia, city state Singapore and the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta, are at different stages of development. Singapore is known for its well designed infrastructure and efficient public transportation (such as the Mass Rapid Transport System, or MRT and buses), as 93% of Singaporeans are satisfied with public transport (Loi and William, 2024). Jakarta, on the other hand, is often viewed as over congested due to poorer road systems despite cars being the primary mode of transportation (Statista, 2023). With that being said, the city has recently focused more on developing its public transportation, including the establishment of the MRT which began operations in 2019. With differences between being able to get around the city, Singaporeans may have cultivated a different work and social culture to Jakartans. For example, efficient public transportation allows for increased productivity, which can create pressure on Singaporeans to accomplish more tasks in a day compared to Jakartans, who are only able to get limited tasks done due to inefficient transportation. This research paper aims to examine if the physical environment of a city affects the behaviour of its residents by comparing the effect of walkability, public transportation and nature on the physical wellbeing, mental wellbeing and sense of community of Singaporeans and Jakartans.