Is there an association between a high dietary glycemic index/glycemic load and the risk of developing gynaecological cancer in women?

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between a carbohydrate-rich diet, measured by the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), and the risk of developing gynaecological cancers (GC) such as cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. The study involved a comprehensive literature review to gather existing data on the relevant biological mechanisms observed. Data from epidemiological studies, including case-control and cohort studies, was collected from a variety of research journals to ensure the robustness and reliability of the findings. A random-effects meta-analysis model using multiple statistical techniques was then performed to calculate the pooled risk (odds ratio) of a diet high in carbohydrates on GC incidence, which was diagrammatically represented using forest plots. High dietary GI and GL resulted in a pooled effect size of 1.19 (95% confidence interval between 1.04 and 1.35) and 1.17 (95% confidence interval between 1.02-1.35) respectively, suggesting a positive association. No publication bias was found, and moderate heterogeneity was present among the studies that were included in the analysis. As many of the existing studies have inconclusive results and are relatively outdated, this project is crucial in shedding light on lifestyle choices that women can make to reduce their risk, potentially informing future prevention strategies and public health recommendations.